CardaxEP

Atrial tissue, ventricular muscle, and the conduction system participate in the same simulated beat. The wavefront, catheter recordings, and surface leads all update as the tissue responds.

• Follow anisotropic activation through the biatrial model or through a volumetric ventricular mesh with fiber orientation and differences across the wall.
• Inspect the dual-pathway AV node and His–Purkinje network, including forward and reverse conduction.
• Switch between anatomical, fluoroscopy-style, and activation views to relate a signal to where it started and how it traveled.

Start with baseline conduction, then compare focal, reentrant, and fibrillatory rhythms under controlled conditions.

• Explore sinus and junctional rhythms, focal atrial tachycardia, typical and reverse typical flutter, scar-related atypical flutter, and atrial fibrillation.
• Compare AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) and see how each responds to pacing.
• Select anatomically located premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), test a scar substrate for ventricular tachycardia (VT), and examine ventricular fibrillation (VF).
• Use an unknown case to interpret the signals and build a map before revealing the rhythm.

Move the starting point of a premature ventricular beat and compare how that change appears in the activation map and the 12-lead ECG.

• Select named origins in the outflow tracts, septum, ventricular walls, or conduction system where the model supports them.
• Set the focus at the endocardial, mid-myocardial, or epicardial depth where anatomy permits.
• Compare a single PVC with couplets, bigeminy, trigeminy, or a specified ectopic burden and coupling interval.

Follow local and far-field signals alongside the simulation. Electrograms and surface leads are computed from the tissue model as it runs.

• Position and display simulated multipolar, coronary sinus, His, right ventricular, and high-density mapping catheters.
• Inspect unipolar and bipolar channels and change the sweep, lead selection, or arrangement of the recording.
• Open a simulated 12-lead ECG and compare intervals, axis, and morphology as you move the origin of an ectopic beat or alter conduction.

Use the stimulator to test the mechanism of a rhythm by changing where and when a stimulus arrives.

• Run a drive train, add timed S1–S2 extrastimuli, or deliver a burst from a selected catheter electrode.
• Adjust cycle length and coupling intervals, then inspect capture, conduction, and the response after pacing stops.
• Compare maneuvers across pacing sites and record the response for review with calipers.

Build activation and voltage maps from acquired catheter electrograms. Use the live activation display as a separate view of the simulated tissue.

• Choose a reference channel and a window of interest; acquire the current beat or collect accepted beats continuously.
• Move the mapping catheter across the selected surface and compare local activation timing and voltage.
• Review acquired points, discard the most recent beat, or save a map. The map import workspace can bring supported map captures into a substrate study.

Change the properties of a model and test whether a circuit survives. The resulting effects come from the simulated wavefront meeting the new tissue conditions.

• Vary conduction and refractoriness or compare normal and remodeled tissue settings.
• Draw regions of scar and slow conduction and control how deep the change extends into the ventricular wall.
• Place a point lesion or a line across a suspected pathway, then look for slowing, block, reorganization, or termination.

Capture an induction, pacing maneuver, or rhythm transition and revisit it without rerunning the case.

• Record surface and intracardiac channels and inspect the corresponding pacing log.
• Pan through the saved tracings, change the visible time window, and move paired calipers while keeping their measured interval fixed.
• Save the study or a standalone map to compare runs or discuss findings with a learner.

The desktop lab can display synthetic intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) alongside the map and recordings.

• Use the simulated catheter and standard-view presets to see how orientation affects the ultrasound plane.
• Compare the image with the anatomical orientation view. Visit the dedicated ICE page for catheter and transseptal training capabilities.